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課程內(nèi)容
高中英語《自然的力量 Unit 5 The power of nature（Part 3）》（選修6）
Grammar
Revising the-ing form
1.動詞-ing形式作狀語
時間
Walking along the street,I met Mary.(=While I was walking along the street...)
在街上走的時候，我遇到了瑪麗。
原因
Being tired,I stopped to take a rest.(=Because I was tired,...)
因?yàn)槠＞耄彝Ｏ聛硇菹ⅰ?br> 條件
Turning to the left,you will find the school.(=If you turn to the left,...)
向左走，你就會找到那個學(xué)校。
讓步
Knowing where I live,he never come to see me.(=Though he knows where I live,...)
盡管他知道我的住處，但從不來看我。
伴隨
I stood there,waiting for her.(=...,and waited for her.)
我站在那兒等她。
結(jié)果
It rained heavily,causing sever flooding in the area.(=It rained heavily so that it caused sever flooding in the area.)
在這個地方雨下的如此大，以至引發(fā)了洪災(zāi)。
2.動詞-ing形式的完成式
句型
主動 having +p.p.....
主語+謂語
被動   (Having been )+p.p...
主語+謂語
用法  *-ing形式的完成式所表示的時間在謂語動詞之前
*表示被動可直接用過去分詞
例句  having finished my work,I went home.(After I had finished my work,...)
工作做完之后，我就回家了。
(Having been)written in haste,the book has some faults.
這本書因倉促寫成，所以有些缺憾。
3.使用-ing形式需注意的幾個問題。
分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。
My wife had a long talk with Sally,explaining why she didn't want the children to play together.
我妻子與莎莉談了很長時間，解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們在一起玩。
(現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動作，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，即explaining的邏輯主語，就是句子的主語my wife)
The train having gone,we had to wait another day.(the train邏輯主語+having gone即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）
分詞短語做狀語時，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列分詞（如but,and),因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個并列成分，而分詞短語只是全局的一個狀語部分，分詞和主語之間可用逗號。
When seeing from the top of the hill,you can enjoy the whole beauty of the city.
誤：Having been told many times,but he still couldn't understand it.
正：He was told many times,but he still couldn't understand it.
=Having been told many times,he still couldn't understand it.
真題演練
1."You can't catch me!"Janet shouted,( B)away.
A run    B running    C to run    D ran
解析：running away在此作shouted的伴隨狀語，由Janet 發(fā)出這一動作。
2.The storm left,(D)a lot of damage to this area.
A caused   B to have caused   C to cause    D having caused
解析：題意：暴雨過去了，只留下給這一地區(qū)造成的巨大損害。由上下文邏輯意義看，此處應(yīng)表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。
3.（ C）in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A To wait     B Have waited    C Having waited    D To have waited
解析：此處為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，表明該動作發(fā)生在realized之前。
4.（A）such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A Having suffered     B Sufffered   C To suffer   D Suffered
解析：由alraedy提示，分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語之前，故須用分詞的完成式。
5.The secretary worked all night long,(B)a long speech for the president.
A to prepare   B preparing   C prepared   D was preparing
解析：非謂語動詞充當(dāng)伴隨狀語，與主語the secretary是主動關(guān)系，因此用v-ing形式.
Homewrok
Remember the grammar rules.