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課程內(nèi)容

《First Aid （Part 4）》
1.定義：英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練緊湊，在不引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)名子成分，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為省賂。
2.常見(jiàn)的省略有下列幾種情況：
  1）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
  （1）主語(yǔ)
   (I
    (I)Hope to see you again.
    (It)Doesn't matter
    (You)Open the door,please.
2)并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。
e.g.In our class boys like sports,while girls do not(like sports)
我們班男孩喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，而女孩不喜歡。
He often regards English as easy and (he often regards
)French as difficult
他常把英語(yǔ)看做是容易學(xué)的語(yǔ)言，而法語(yǔ)是難學(xué)的。
3）狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同或都是it，可以把省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一起省略。
e.g.Be careful when (you are)crossing the street
Unless(you are)invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
除非被邀請(qǐng)講話，否則在會(huì)上你應(yīng)該保持沉默。
Error,if (there are)any,should be corrected.
如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。
if (it is )possible,I'll pick you up .
4)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
不定式符號(hào)to后面的內(nèi)容常常被省略，只保留不定式符號(hào)to,常用于動(dòng)詞would like, would love,wish,want,hope,expect,intend,refuse以及形容詞afraid,happy,gald,willing,ready等之后。
---Will you go with me?你和我一起去嗎？
---Well,I'd like to (go with you)
好吧，我愿意（和你一起去）
----Have you ever been to the seaside?
你們?nèi)ミ^(guò)海邊嗎？
----No, we can't afford to (go to the seaside)
沒(méi)有，我們沒(méi)錢(qián)去海邊。
----Will you join in the game?
----I'd be glad to (join in the game)
注意：如果承前省略的不定式內(nèi)容有be或做助動(dòng)詞的have時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to后要保留be 或have.
----Are you a farmer?你是個(gè)農(nóng)民嗎？
----No,but I used to be (a farmer)
不是，但我過(guò)去是。
---I haven't finished to homework yet.
我的作業(yè)沒(méi)有做完。
---Well,you ought to have(finished to homework).
不過(guò)，你本應(yīng)該完成的。
5）答語(yǔ)中的省略
（1）有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，可用so或not做替代語(yǔ)，替代前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容?？捎糜趧?dòng)詞think,believe,hope,suppose,expect,guess,imagine以及be afraid,of course,certainly,perhaps等后面。
---Do you believe our team will win?
---I guess so 我猜會(huì)的。
--- Do you think he will come?
他認(rèn)為他會(huì)來(lái)嗎？
---I don't think so./I think not.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)的。
----You haven't lost the ticket,have you?
你沒(méi)弄丟票，是嗎？
----I hope not,I know it's not easy to get another one a the moment.
我希望沒(méi)有。我知道這個(gè)時(shí)候很難再弄到一張票
注意：hope,guess,I'm afraid 的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not so 的形式。
----The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?
孩子們工作干得不好，是嗎？
---I guess not。
我猜是沒(méi)干好。
6）在對(duì)話中，答句省去整個(gè)主句只用從句。
---Shall I go to play?
---If you like(you can go to play)如果你喜歡（你可以去）
---When could I start?
---(You may start)Whenever you like.
你喜歡什么時(shí)候都可以。
----What made him quset?
----Losing his bike.(made him upset)
7)that的省略
（1）在賓語(yǔ)從句中，連接詞that可以省略。但如果有兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，除第一個(gè)外，其他都不能省略。
Mr Wang said(that)the work was important and that we should try our best to do it.
王先生說(shuō)這工作很重要，我們得盡心盡力。、
（2）在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
 The book(that)he bought yesterday was very expensive.
8)虛擬條件句中常省略if將were,had,should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
Were I you,I would catch the good chance.
Had I foolowed your advice,I wouldn't have missed the good chance.
Should there be a flood,we would run away.
Exercisess
1._____,the chiklren should play outside in the fresh air.
A.Whenever possible BWhenever it possible
C.Whenever is possible D.Whenever they are
2.---What's joan doing?
---____newspapers in the room.
A.Is reading B.Read C.To read D.Reading
3.---Will it rain tomorrow?
----______.
A.I don't hope B I hope not
C.Hope not D.I hope
4.Although___to stop,he kept on working.
A.Told B.telling C.having told D.to tell
5.----How long has this bookshop been in business?
---____
A.After B.In C.From D.Since