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課程內容

《Great scientists（Part 4）》
Learning goals:
1.to know the definition of The past Participle
2.to learn the directions of The Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative
過去分司屬于非謂語動詞的范疇
   非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞），即動詞非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外，可以承擔句子的任何成分。
非謂語動詞的性質特點
（1）非謂語動詞可以在名詞作用（如動詞不定式和動名詞），在句中做主語、賓語中、表語。
（2）非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。
（3）非謂語動詞可以有副作用（如動詞不定式和分詞）在句中作狀語。
（4）謂語動詞在句中作謂語，受主語的人稱和數的限制；非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語，它不受主語的人稱和數的限制。
過去分詞的定義
過去分詞只有一咱形式沒有主動與被動。“體"(一般式；進行式；完成式）的變化；規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求，要一一記住。
理解過去分詞概念上的兩層含義
過去分詞表示被動含義和完成含義
1.及物動詞的過去分詞。與句子的主語是被動關系，表示主語的狀態，不但表示被動，還表示已完成了。
2.不及物動詞的過去分詞，與句子的主語是主動關系，表示主語的狀態，只表示動作的完成。
過去分詞的形容詞化
   所謂過去分詞形容詞化，就是說過去分詞具有了形容的性質，那么過去分詞就能夠在句子中充當定語和表語。
一，過去分詞作定語時，常指已完成的動作且與所修飾詞之間為被動關系。一般來說，如果是單個的過去分詞，則放在所修飾詞前，若是一個過去分詞智短語，則放在所修飾詞后。
二.過去分詞作表語時，往往表示一種狀態，而被動語態則表示一個動作。
過去分詞作定語
過去分詞作定語，一般表示分詞的動作與被修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關系，且表示該動作已經完成。如：
Most of the artists mvited to the party were from South Afriea.
The computer center.opened last year is very popular among the students.
單個過去分詞作定語，通常置于被修飾的前面，而過去分詞作定語，則需置于被修飾詞之后。如：
The mjured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
The workers injured in the accident are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
過去分詞作定語時，可轉換為一個對應的定語從句。
I found it hard to understand the English that was spoken by the native villagers
The old man who talked to us on the bus is a retired teacher (a reacher who has retired)
過去分詞和不定式的被動式動詞-ing形式的被動式都可在句中作定語，表示被動意義，但時間含義上有所不同。試比較；
He didn't turn up at the meeting held yesterday afternoon（表示完成）
過去分詞做定語
過去分詞做表語與謂語動詞構成系表結構，表示主語的性質、特征和狀態。如：
She was dressed in her finest skirt at the party that night.
The hill is covered with red flowers red flowers and green grass.
過去分詞作表語時不要與被動語態混為一談：前者表示主語的特點或所處的狀態，其中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，而被動語態，其中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，而被動語態則強調主語所承受的動作。試比較：
除了系動詞be以外，get  seem look appear,sound feel.reman
等其它系動詞也可接過去分詞作表語。如：
The hittle girl seemed frightened at the sight of the poisonous snake.
Several problems remamed unsolved when the manager came back
英語里有許多表示“情緒變化”的動詞，如interest;excite;disappoint,bore;enconrage;mspire;amuse;move tire;surprise;please;stisfy;worry;pule;frghten等它們的動詞ing 形式和過去分詞形式相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語和表語，但意義和用法卻有著很大區別；動詞ing 形式往往表示主語所具有的特征，主語一般是物，常譯成‘令人.....的“；過去分詞多表示主語所處的心理狀態，主語往往是人，常譯為”感到......的”。
如:
We were disappomted at the reult of the experiment
The result of the experiment was a bit too disappointing.
We all felt encouraged at the inspiring news.
Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.(p5)
1.He got___about losing the money.
2.The painter looked so ____after working for a whole day.
3.I was ____with the film I saw last night I had expected it to be better.
4.Everybody was ______to  hear the death of the famous film star.
5.Everybody is really______about the new Olympic stadiums.
6.His wound became_______with a new virus.
Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive.
1.They were____to accept my idea.
2.I'll be ____to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.
3.The mayor said that he was___about the _____rise of the water level in the river bed.
4.Recently_____soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.
5.Most of the newspaper seems to be_____with pop stars.
6.He was _____of going alone into the empty house.
Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the atribute or predicative(p43)
1.I found this plate on the floor.The plate was broken in pieces.
2.I saw a tall,dark and handsome man,His name is XiaoMing.
  I saw a tall ,dark and handsome man called XiaoMing.
3.I looked at that modem abstract painting.It was colored in yellows and greens.
I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.
4.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the internet .It was the one I expected.
Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the internet.
5.She is one of my friends.She is devoted to my interests.
6.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles.
They were marked in green ink.
On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were marked in green ink.
下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并改正。
1.The speech that we listened to yesterday afternoon was very moving
2.From the disappointing look on his face,we know that he didn't pass the exam.
3.That must have been a terified experience.
4.Some foreign press reports are quite confused.