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課程內(nèi)容

《Astronomy: the science of the stars （Part 4）》
existence n.存在
1).This plant (exists)only in Australia.
2).Can you (exist on) such a low salary ?
3).I doubt the existence (exist)of alien.
13.remain vi.仍然是：留下，剩下
　　　　n.
remain+ adj./adv./prep.仍然是
        v-ed/v-ing
remain to be done
比較：
leave vt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶某，使或讓（某人、事物）處某狀態(tài)、其他
leave sb. sth.=leave sth. to sb.給某人留下某物
leave sth.(for sb.)留下，交代下（某物）
leave sth. to sb. 將某物遺贈給某人
remaining/left adj.剩下的（前者用于被修飾的n.之前，后者用于之后）
1)Someone(left)you this note while you were out.
2)After the earthquake,little (remained)of the village.
3)He used the(remaining)money to buy a dictionary.
4)After buying the dictionary,he had not much money (left).
5)Arriving home,I found that I'd (left)my key in the office.
6)Don't leave her 【waiting】(wait)outside in the rain.
7)She remained 【unchanged】(change)after all these years.
8)A great many things remain 【to be done】(do).
14.Thus they have,in their turn,because the most important animals on the planet.(p26)
1).thus adv.(=therefore)因此，于是
他工作不努力，因此被解雇。
He didn't work hard.Thus he was fired.
兩黨進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的討論，于是達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
Both parties (had a)thorough (discussion);thus they reached an agreement.
(thus)doing 表正常的結(jié)果，充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語時是前面句子的內(nèi)容。
European football is played in 80 countries,(making it the most popular sport in the morld).The storm left,(having caused a lot of damage to this area).
(never/only)to do所表達(dá)的結(jié)果往往是出乎意料之外或不幸的，充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的動詞不定式的邏輯主語時句子的主語。
I arrived at the shop (omly to find I'd left all my money at home).
He hurried to the station(only to find that the train had left).
2).in one's turn輪到某人，接著
in turn 輪流，一個接著一個
by turns輪流，一陣...一陣...
take turns(to do sth.)輪流（做某物）
It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事了
①She went hot and cold (by truns).
②我們輪流著開車。
We took turns to driver the car.
We drover the car by turns/in turn.
③今天輪到誰發(fā)言了？
Whose turn is it to give a speech today?
15.prevent...from=stop...from=keep...from
使...不做事，阻止。。。做某事（p26)
他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽。
His back injury may(prevent)him(from)playing in tomorrow's game.
**prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省，keep sb. doing sth.中from不可省，因為keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被動語態(tài)中，三者的from 都不可省；當(dāng)后接sb's doing sth.作賓語時，只能用prevent或stop,不能用keep,因為沒有keep sb's doing sth.的句型。
①Doctors took action to (prevent the disease from spreading)防止這種疾病的蔓延）.
②Of coure I can't (prevent)your going abroad.
③警察阻止他們攜帶武器。
The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons.
=They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons.
prevent vt.預(yù)防，防止
prevention n.預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙
In my opinion,prevention is more important than treatment.
preventable adj.可防止的，可預(yù)防的
16.(sth.)depend on (sth.else)取決于（p26)
我們的成敗取決于是否每個人都努力工作。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
depend sb./sth. to do sth.依靠、依賴。。。做某事
The map is a thing to be depend on when you are in a strange place.
You may depend upon her to arrive on time.
depend on/upon it that...指望...,對...不懷疑
You may depend on that she will help you.
You may depend on that he'll join our club.
depending on 根據(jù)，依靠（作方式狀語）
The climate changes depending on the area.We'll decide whether to hold the sports meet depending on the whether.
that/it(all)depends
這很難說，看情況，得看情況而定
-Will you go skiing with this winter vacation?
-It all depends.
主語從句
主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動詞之前，但多數(shù)情況由it作形式主語。而把主語從句放在主句之后。
按引導(dǎo)詞的不同，主語從句可分為下面三類：
1.由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)
So whether life will continue on the earth for millons of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(p26)
2.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)
(What it was to become)was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 millon years ago...(p25)
(What is even more important)is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.(p26)
(What many scientists belive)is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into oceans and seas.(p26)
3.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)
(Why they suddenly disappeared)still remain a mystery.(p26)
(Where the meeting will be held)hasn't been decided.
(However you do it)is all right with me.
4.it 作形式主語
1）that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句常放到句子后部去，由代詞it作形式主語。
Well,it is well know(that American like to eat a lot.)(Unit 3 p22)
It was not immediately bovious(that water was to be fundamental to the deveopment of life.(p26)
It was so hard(that we could not say anything to each other.)(p30)
2)在it is pity,it is a shame,it is strange/surprising,it is no wonder,it is necessary/essential/important等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中謂語動詞常采用虛擬語氣形式“(should)=V原（或完成形式）”，表示遺憾，驚奇，重要等作用
(It is a strange that)he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.
It's amazing(how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life)...(Unit 3 p 22)
(It is a great pity that)he should be so greedy.
3)由wh-系列引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句也用it作形式主語
...it was not clear(whether the shape would last or not).(p25)
It is still open to question(who is to head the group.)
It is more time(what we need).
課后習(xí)題
1.(B )some peolple regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(01 北京）
A Whether   B What   C That   D How
2.-How about camping this weekend,just for a change?(10 浙江）
-OK,（C  )you want.
A whichever    B however    C whatever  D whoever
3.It is uncertain( B)side effect the medicine wil bring about,although about two thousand partients have taken it.
A that      B waht    C houw     D whether